However, the implication of nigeria s electoral history for the enthronement of a democratic order is yet to be exhaustively explored. The historic june 12, 1993 election believed to have been won by late business mogul, mko abiola was considered by many observers as the freest and fairest election in nigerias political history. Elections in nigeria are forms of choosing representatives to the nigerian federal government and the various states in the fourth republic nigeria. Buhari in front after half of results declared this article is more than 5 years old opposition candidate opens up lead over goodluck jonathan based on returns from 18 out of. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation. The 2019 nigerian elections and buharis second chance to. We also must not forget the role played by the international community. Nigerian democratic process has endured a cheaqured history is.
The theoretical framework for the study is cultural relativism. The history of the nigerian legislature dates back to the lagos legislative council of 1862, established under british colonial rule. Introduction nigeria and nigerians have been caught in the frenzy of centenary celebration. You will be happy to get this and start getting prepared for your forthcoming examinations and interviews right away.
This is a particularly important moment in africas history. The electoral process and democratic consolidation in nigeria. Accordingly, from the historical evolution of elections in nigeria since. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. Journal of nigeria studies volume 1, number 2, fall 2012 political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960.
Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. Electoral commissions and the conduct of elections in nigeria. Constitution of the federal republic of nigeria pdf download. The history of nigerian elections appears to reflect the above. Aside discussing the political parties in nigeria, this write up will equally discuss about the political history of nigeria. In view of this, the thrust of this paper is a reflection on the tides of electoral violence and the attendant precipitating factors that make free and fair election pretty difficult in nigeria. Nigerias 2015 presidential election council on foreign. In 1959, there were three political parties in the country and they include the following. Despite efforts to ensure free and fair elections, the process drew serious. The election of obasanjo, a christian from the south, brings new tensions. The political and governmental history of nigeria nigerian.
The history of political parties in nigeria began when the first political party in nigeria was established in 1959, the year before nigeria gained her independence from great britain. Electoral politics in the fourth republic of nigerias democratic. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah. Nigeria s election history has always been marred by various levels of violence at the pre, during and post election phases, with high consequences including deaths, displacement and destruction of livelihood as was witnessed in the 2011 general elections. On the 1951 elections, former governor of northern nigeria mr. Although the years since nigerias return to civilian rule in 1999 have seen an increased interest in its history and politics, nigeria remains one of the most underresearched african countries.
The history of electoral violence in nigeria has been covered in the works of. This is approved for students in accountancy, business, computer science, economics, engineering, arts. Not many people know about the first general election in nigeria that happened 96 years ago. This newly formed country would go on to become a republic three years down the line on 1, october, 1963. History of political parties in nigeria will never be complete if mention is not made of the various political bigwigs in the history of this country. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Independent national electoral commission wikipedia. An analysis grace malachi brown, phd department of history and diplomatic studies faculty of humanities rivers state university of education pmb 5047, rumuolumeni port harcourt, rivers state nigeria. Nigeria, like most african states, is a colonial creation and, as in most other african countries that have gone through this experience, its annexation was not immediate. In any case, well be taking a critical look at the leading candidates in the forthcoming presidential race, including their respective chances of becoming the next president of the federal republic of nigeria come may 29, 2019. A brief history of general elections in nigeria 1999 to 2019.
Apr 26, 2018 history of elections in nigeria nigeria has a rich history of political affairs that changed the direction of the country. I think that the elections in nigeria will be ranked among the most observed elections. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah gabriel sous dir. History of political parties in nigeria nigerian finder. It was the first time in the history of nigeria that an incumbent president lost an election. In some cases, electoral forms are present but the substance of an election is. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Presidential elections were held in nigeria on 16 april 2011, postponed from 9 april 2011. The implication perspective frankcollins nnamdi okafor associate professor and head, department of political science, nnamdi azikiwe university, nigeria abstract following the outbursts of violence in previous elections in nigeria, fears have been. The election followed controversy as to whether a northerner or southerner should be allowed to become president given the tradition of rotating the top office between the north and the south after the death of umaru yaradua, a northerner, when goodluck jonathan, another southerner assumed the interim. Media in category elections in nigeria the following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total.
The history of nigeria explained in 6 minutes 3,000 years. Elections in nigeria can be traced to as far back as the year 1923 when the country faced first. This post is about the governmental and political history of nigeria. The independent national electoral commission inec, set up in 1998, is the electoral body which oversees elections in nigeria. The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc.
Corruption in nigeria has been a prevalent issue for decades. Then came the 1993 elections in history of elections in nigeria, the l99 elections is seen as the most free and fair elections ever conducted in nigeria general ibrahim babangida, who overthrew the general buharis government, organized an inconclusive transition that was perceived in some quarters to deny a yoruba, chief m. They were held in the presence of strong arbiters, the colonial state and the military, that were not participants and desired free and fair elections. Fortyone of the on july 19, 2011, the international peace institute ipi hosted a roundtable discussion on elections. Nigeria, history of nigeria, kingdom of ife, sokoto nigeria, nigerian history, nigerian history documentary, nigeria 2018, nigeria documentary, nigerian.
The origin of the inec goes back to the period before independence when. Nigeria is an inherently difficult country to govern. On 1, october 1960, nigeria, after several years of british colonial rule, became an independent nation. Election, the formal process of selecting a person for public office or of accepting or rejecting a political proposition by voting. Nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf free. Additionally, countries with a history of electoral violence often experience a recurrence of such violence, as has been witnessed in kenya, nigeria, and zimbabwe. Get free research paper on the role of press in free and fair election in nigeria 2015 election project topics and materials in nigeria. It is the first time in nigerian history that an opposition candidate won the presidential election, according to the economist.
Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. Nigerias history of electoral violence is, for many, an unfortunately accepted fact. Election in nigeria has been characterized by absence of popular participation in the political. Early reports suggest that under obasanjos government a ruthless disregard of civil liberties continues in nigeria, with outbreaks of minority ethnic protest being brutally suppressed. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. Abiola the supposed winner to emerge as a president by the. From george washingtons uncontested run for president to the divisive campaigns of 2016, see an overview of all the presidential elections in u. History and development of political parties in nigeria.
Nigerias 2019 elections united states institute of peace. However, for elections to be termed democratic, it must be free and fair. Elections are meaningfully democratic if they are free, fair, participatory. History of general elections in nigeria from 1999 till date. A historical perspective of electoral commissions in nigeria. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. History of elections in nigeria nigeria has a rich history of political affairs that changed the direction of the country. Electoral integrity, international electoral observation, free and fair, elections. Introductionthe success or failure of democracy, rule of law, and ethnic and religious reconciliation in nigeria is a bellwether for the entire conti nigerias 2015 presidential election. National council of nigeria and the cameroons ncnc. If the prediction that nigeria would cease to be a unified territory did not. Many of the first republic politicians were not corrupt since the majority of them came into politics with ideologies and principles.
A robust civil society, independent media, a sound public administration, and an independent. Nigerias election below the minimum democracy standard. Buhari had finished as a runnerup in three previous elections. Inside this nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf are all the 2020 current affairs questions and answers for the nigerian history since 1960 arranged according to categories. They are many unresolved problems in nigeria but the issue of corruption includes purchase of voters with money, promises or special favors, coercism intimidation and interference with freedom of election nigeria is a good example where this practice is common.
Mar 25, 2019 the 2019 general elections in nigeria have come and gone. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation in. Download free pdf copy of the 1999 nigerian constitution as amended. Download article pdf eisa electoral institute for sustainable. Goodluck ebele johnathan of the peoples democratic party lost his seat to muhammadu buhari of the all progressives congress. Nigeria s election below the minimum democracy standard. Doc managing election violence in nigeria matthew okeyim. Jan 10, 2016 political history of nigeria since independence 1960 till date introduction by the time nigeria gained its independence, it was entering a period of rapid social and economic change, and many people were quite optimistic about its future.
It is important to distinguish between the form and the substance of elections. The christian case for nigerias new muslim president. A vehicle used for voters education exercise in south east nigeria. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation in nigeria. While the election was adjudged to be free and fair, the. John mukum mbaku reflects on nigerias democratic history and the road ahead after the 2019 presidential election. Political ecology, electoral fraud and sustainable democracy. Pdf this paper examines election rigging and its effect on democratic.
Historical background and context human rights watch. The recent 2016 post election crisis in gabon12 that left scores dead seems to shows that electoral violence is an intractable phenomenon on the continent. Mar 01, 2019 john mukum mbaku reflects on nigerias democratic history and the road ahead after the 2019 presidential election. History of nigeria including historic regions, fulani and sokoto, british explorers, ss alburkah, trade and antislavery, british colonial rule, independence and secession, from oil wealth to disaster. Nigerias electoral history since independence is fraught with failed elections, a recurring development that.
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